Abstract
BackgroundReticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a gammaretrovirus that belongs to the family of Retroviridae. The infection can result in immunosuppression, runting syndrome, high mortality, acute reticular cell neoplasia or T‐ and/ or B‐cell lymphoma, in a variety of domestic and wild birds. The disease is widespread around the world. No related data have been reported in Sudan about the disease. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of REV antibodies and DNA in local and commercial breeds of chickens older than 20 weeks from June 2014 to February, 2017.MethodsA total of 460 sera samples and 150 (50 liver and 100 spleen) tissue samples were collected from local and commercial breeds of chickens older than 20 weeks and screened for anti‐REV antibodies in four states of Sudan using a commercial REV antibody ELISA test kit (IDEXX). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect REV DNA in tissue samples in Khartoum State.ResultsThe results revealed that the overall seroprevalence of REV was 74.6% among local and commercial chicken breeds, but in commercial it was 79.5% (190/239) and 69.2% in local breeds (153/221). One hundred and fifty tissue samples of chickens (50 liver, 100 spleen) were tested using PCR for detection of REV using primer sets of the conserved region in envelope glycoprotein (env) gene with a band length of 850 bp. Five out of 50 (10%) liver samples were RE provirus DNA positive detected by PCR, whereas 15 out of 100 (15%) spleen samples were PCR positive. Univariate analysis revealed there was a difference (p ≤ 0.05) between locality and breed of chickens and seropositivity to REV.ConclusionsThe prevalence of the disease was high in Sudan and more studies are needed to evaluate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the virus.
Highlights
Reticuloendotheliosis virus disease is an oncogenic, immunosup‐ pressive, runting‐stunting syndrome of multiple avian species that is caused by Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), which is a gammaretro‐ virus with a variety of strains (Witter & Fadly, 2003)
Influence of breed was detected by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for REV in tissue samples collected from chicken from local markets in Khartoum State (Table 1)
The overall prevalence of antibodies from commercial and local breed of chickens was 74.6%, which was lower than prevalence in a study evaluating cross‐bred chickens on a farm in Delta Egypt (83.8%) (Moshira et al, 2016) and in layer chicken in Taiwan which was 85% (Wan‐Hsin, Yuan‐Pin, & Ching–Ho W., 2006)
Summary
Reticuloendotheliosis virus disease is an oncogenic, immunosup‐ pressive, runting‐stunting syndrome of multiple avian species that is caused by Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), which is a gammaretro‐ virus with a variety of strains (Witter & Fadly, 2003). Four hundred and sixty blood samples were randomly collected from the wing vein of local and commercial breeds of apparently healthy chickens older than 20 weeks from 2–6 different flocks in four states of Sudan (Khartoum, North Kordofan, River Nile and White Nile). Influence of breed was detected by PCR results for REV in tissue samples collected from chicken from local markets in Khartoum State (Table 1)
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