Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that can infect any warm-blooded mammal. T. gondii infects about one-third of the human population on the planet. Infection with the parasite in human causes toxoplasmosis that may pose a high risk in immunocompromised individuals under certain clinical conditions. Cats are the ultimate hosts of T. gondii where oocysts are formed through mating of male and female gametes. Infected cats can expel T. gondii oocysts in their feces, and thereby capable of pass on a disease to humans and other animals through consumption of foods, vegetables and water that are polluted with cat feces. The study was conducted to detect the presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in the blood of individuals with or without cat contact to determine if there is any relationship between cat contacts and T. gondii infection in humans. To address this, we enrolled subjects who contacted with the cat as target group and individuals with no cat contact as control group. Following register of different demographic data (including age, sex, education, foods habit, income status, etc.), whole blood from each enrolled subject of both the target group and control group was collected for serum preparation. T. gondii infected subjects were detected by Toxo Rapid test kit through identifying anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in their serum. We found that only three out of twenty subjects who were in contact with cat showed positive IgG response while IgM antibody response was absent for all subjects. When compared with the data from control group, we did not find any significant association (p = 0.33) of cat contact with the transmission of T. gondii into human. However, with this small number of study subjects, we cannot conclusively say that there is no impact of cat contact on the transmission of T. gondii into human. Whether any association exists or not can be ascertained with a large number of subjects from different areas of Bangladesh in a future study in the population.
Highlights
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite that can infect any warm-blooded animal, including humans
The study was conducted to detect the presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in the blood of individuals with or without cat contact to determine if there is any relationship between cat contacts and T. gondii infection in humans
The aim of this study is to find out whether a cat owner has a chronic T. gondii infection and to see whether there is a connection between cat touch and T. gondii transmission to humans
Summary
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite that can infect any warm-blooded animal, including humans. After fusion of male and female gamete in cat intestine, oocysts are released in the environment through cat feces [4]. T. gondii oocysts can contaminate foods [6], vegetables [7] and water [8] that are haunted by the host as an example livestock animals and humans [9]. After ingestion of the oocysts, fast replicating tachyzoites develops which causes an acute infection. During acute infection, this parasite undergoes stage conversion from its fast replicating tachyzoites into slow replicating dormant bradyzoites preferentially within the brain and striated muscle cells and are liable for establishing lifelong persistent infection [10]. T. gondii infection may develop severe neurodegenerative diseases after reactivation in immunocompromised patients [14] [15], or it can disseminate into the eye to cause ocular diseases i.e. blindness [15]
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