Abstract
News that an H5N1 influenza virus was rendered into a phenotype that spreads readily between mammals startled microbiologists and infectious disease experts attending the 2011 European Scientific Working Group on Influenza (ESWI) conference in Malta last September. By configuring a virus that could attach to respiratory tract cells and passaging the infectious material in ferrets, Ron A. M. Fouchier of Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands learned that H5N1 could become increasingly transmittable. These findings challenge a long-held belief that extensive changes are needed before “bird flu” is able to jump from one human to another.
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