Abstract
AgrA©A¢t DEAL of interest has recently developed in the area of dual diagnosis, which is defined here as a co-occurrence of mental disorder and substance-use disorder. Much of the focus on dual diagnosis has come from the public mental health system, which is confronted with increasing numbers of young chronically mentally ill patients who also have problems related to substance use. Research shows that the dual disordered population has poor treatment compliance, is hospitalized more frequently than are psychiatric patients, and has poor outcome in both psychiatric1 and chemical dependency treatment.2 A number of programs have been developed to address dual disordered patients. These include outpatient programs3, case-managed pro- grams4, and inpatient programs.58 There are relatively few outcome studies in the area, probably due to several factors: 1. dual diagnosis is a relatively new area of interest; 2. dual-diagnosis programs and clinics have developed only in the last few years;
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