Serial Changes of Cytokines in Children with Cerebral Palsy Who Received Intravenous Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor Followed by Autologous Mobilized Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

Abstract

BackgroundThis study was performed to assess serial cytokine changes and their clinical impact in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who received granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) followed by infusion of autologous mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mPBMCs).MethodsPeripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from 16 CP children at enrollment, and 1 month and 7 months after G-CSF infusion as well as at the end of the study. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with plasma samples.ResultsThere were no significant differences in cytokine levels between the mPBMC and placebo groups over 6 months. However, when clinical responders and non-responders were compared, interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.050) as well as G-CSF (P = 0.010) were higher in the responders than the non-responders at 1 month, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (P = 0.030) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (P = 0.001) were lower. In addition, BDNF was higher at baseline in the responders than the non-responders (P = 0.030).ConclusionThe changes of G-CSF itself, as well as G-CSF-induced cytokines such as IL-6, may be associated with the clinical improvement of neurologic functions. The G-CSF-induced changes of IL-6, BDNF and IGF-1, and BDNF levels before treatment, could be used as prognostic factors in G-CSF trials in CP children.