Sera from Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients Display Oxidative Activity and Affect the TNF-α Production by Macrophages In Vitro.

Neci M Soares,Márcia C A Teixeira,Eliana A G Reis,Joelma N De Souza,Washington L C Dos Santos,Maria S Miranda,Tatiana F Leal

doi:10.1155/2017/5861453

Neci M Soares, Márcia C A Teixeira + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5861453

Copy DOI

Abstract

Mammalian protection against leishmanial infection depends on the development of an effective immune response. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) patients are usually unable to mount an effective immune response against the parasite and indeed appear to be severely immunosuppressed. This suppression has strong nonspecific and specific components mediated by serum factors and leishmanicidal activity of infected macrophages, respectively. The lipid profile has been shown to be altered in ZVL patients' sera. This work aimed at (i) determining the HDL, Apo A1, LDL, and VLDL concentrations in ZVL patients' sera; (ii) investigating the oxidative effect of ZVL patients' sera on the β-carotene matrix; (iii) measuring IL-10, IL-6, IL-12p40, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in the macrophage cultures, to which 10% of ZVL patients' serum had been added. Levels of HDL, LDL fraction, and apolipoprotein A1 in ZVL patients' sera were lower than those of healthy individuals' sera, except for the mean level of VLDL. The matrix of β-carotene and linoleic acid system was oxidized in the presence of ZLV patients' sera. The presence of ZVL patients' sera did not modify the cytokine production of IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL-10 by human macrophages in vitro but TNF-α production was altered, probably due to lack of macrophage stimulation by lipoprotein.

Highlights

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, is a tropical disease that is often fatal when untreated [1]
The serum lipid profile of these patients is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia with reduced levels of High density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A1
It is shown that concentrations of HDL and its major apolipoprotein, Apo A1, and LDL were markedly reduced in ZVL sera when compared with those concentrations in the sera of normal individuals living in the same area

Summary

Introduction

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, is a tropical disease that is often fatal when untreated [1]. ZVL patients are usually unable to mount an effective immune response against the parasite and appear to be immunosuppressed. This suppression, which is the major cause of death, has a strong nonspecific component, which may be mediated by serum factors [2, 3]. Low LDL concentration found in the sera of many visceral leishmaniasis patients affects the in vitro production of cytokines by macrophages. The values of HDL and apolipoproteina A (Apo A) are about 6 and 2.4 times lower in ZVL than in normal individuals’ sera, respectively [4]. The low level of HDL may lead to a low paraoxonase 1

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion