Abstract
The Parmenides is known as the dialogue in which Plato makes a criticism of his theory of forms. Through paradoxes, the character Parmenides criticizes the theory of forms presented by Socrates in the dialogue, targeting the relation they have with sensibles and with each other, call for participation, and the discoursive consequences of this relation. I present a reading of the Parmenides that suggests that the self-criticism points out inconsistencies in the Platonic theory of participation as it is presented in the Parmenides, and that will be corrected later in the Sophist.
Highlights
The Parmenides is known as the dialogue in which Plato makes a criticism of his theory of forms
The character Parmenides criticizes the theory of forms presented by Socrates in the dialogue, targeting the relation they have with sensibles and with each other, call for participation, and the discoursive consequences of this relation
I present a reading of the Parmenides that suggests that the self-criticism points out inconsistencies in the Platonic theory of participation as it is presented in the Parmenides, and that will be corrected later in the Sophist
Summary
Resumo: O Parmênides é conhecido como o diálogo em que Platão faz uma crítica de sua teoria das formas. A personagem Parmênides critica a teoria das formas apresentada por Sócrates no diálogo, tendo como alvo a relação que as formas mantêm com os sensíveis e entre si, chamada de participação, e as consequências discursivas dessa relação. Se possuir predicados implica multiplicidade - chamar uma coisa por muitos nomes, como diz o Estrangeiro de Eleia em Sofista 251a - as formas não podem possuir nenhum predicado, pois isso indica divisão da forma. Nesse segundo movimento do diálogo, após o esclarecimento de uma dúvida sobre a extensão do domínio formas, Parmênides inicia uma série de críticas à teoria apresentada por Sócrates, mostrando sua inconsistência através das consequências problemáticas a que ela conduz. A indecisão de Sócrates, atribuída à sua juventude, pode ser tomada como indício de que a teoria da participação apresentada no Parmênides contém um erro que a torna incapaz de fundamentar a linguagem, devido aos problemas ontológicos herdados da concepção de ser eleata
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