Ser 15 of WEE1B is a potential PKA phosphorylation target in G2/M transition in one-cell stage mouse embryos

Abstract

The WEE1 kinase family has been shown to be the major kinase family responsible for phosphorylating Tyr 15 on cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). WEE1 homolog 2 (WEE2, also known as WEE1B) was first identified in Xenopus laevis and more recently in humans and mice, and is responsible for phosphorylating the CDK1 inhibitory site and maintaining meiotic arrest in oocytes. However, the mechanism by which WEE1B is regulated in one-cell stage mouse embryos remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined the role of WEE1B-Ser 15 in G2/M transition of one-cell stage mouse embryos. WEE1B-Ser 15 was phosphorylated during the G1 and S phases, whereas Ser 15 was dephosphorylated during G2 and M phases in vivo. Overexpression of the phosphor-mimic Wee1B-S15D mutant delayed the re-entry of embryos into mitosis more efficiently than Wee1B-wild type (Wee1B-WT) by direct phosphorylation of CDK1-Tyr 15. The results of the present study suggested that WEE1B acts as a direct downstream substrate of protein kinase A (PKA) and that Ser 15 of WEE1B is a potential PKA phosphorylation target in the G2/M transition of mouse embryos. In addition, WEE1B inhibits mitosis by negatively regulating M phase promoting factor activity in one-cell stage mouse embryos.