Sequential Partial Ozonation for the Treatment of Wastewater Concentrate: Practical Implications From a Conventional and (Eco) Toxicological Perspective

Abstract

This article compares multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment processes [O3 - Biodegradation - O3 - Biodegradation] and conventional partial ozonation processes [O3 - Biodegradation] for the removal of SCOD and toxicity from a recalcitrant and toxic wastewater concentrate. Both direct (pH 7.5) and advanced (pH 11.5) ozonation are evaluated. Short-term estimation methods for biodegradability (respirometry) and toxicity (30 min Vibrio fisheri luminescence inhibition) are evaluated for their use in process control.