Sequential injections as an alternative to gradient exploitation for implementing differential kinetic analysis in a flow injection system

Abstract

A novel flow-based strategy for implementing simultaneous determinations of different chemical species reacting with the same reagent(s) at different rates is proposed and applied to the spectrophotometric catalytic determination of iron and vanadium in Fe-V alloys. The method relies on the influence of Fe(II) and V(IV) on the rate of the iodide oxidation by Cr(VI) under acidic conditions; the Jones reducing agent is then needed. Three different plugs of the sample are sequentially inserted into an acidic KI reagent carrier stream, and a confluent Cr(VI) solution is added downstream. Overlap between the inserted plugs leads to a complex sample zone with several regions of maximal and minimal absorbance values. Measurements performed on these regions reveal the different degrees of reaction development and tend to be more precise. Data are treated by multivariate calibration involving the PLS algorithm. The proposed system is very simple and rugged. Two latent variables carried out ca 95% of the analytical information and the results are in agreement with ICP-OES.