Abstract
Metal-rich sediments initially derived from historic mining and mine drainage and waste still provide an input of heavy metals into the River Geul (the Netherlands). A secondary source of metals is provided by the actual reworking of older, locally highly contaminated sediments along the course of the river, as the channel migrates across the floodplain. Once the heavy metals become incorporated in the floodplain sediments, which act as a long-term ‘sink’, it is not the total amount of heavy metals but rather how it is actually stored that is important in assessing the environmental impact. For the estimation of the relative bonding strength of metals in different chemical phases, extraction procedures have been developed, which are commonly combined in sequential extraction schemes.
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