Abstract
KiSS-1 gene encodes a protein product kisspeptin which are intense inducers of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in various mammalian species through its receptor GPR54 (G protein-coupled receptor-54). A total of 100 goat compromising of Red Sokoto (n = 72) and Sahel (n = 28) breeds were used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intronic region of the KiSS-1 gene by sequencing and investigate their relationship with other goat breeds. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed five novel SNPs (g.1745G>A present in Red Sokoto, g.1776G>A, g.1827A>G, g.1857T>C and g.2208T>C present in Red Sokoto and Sahel breeds). To obtain a correct phylogenetic relationship between goat breeds, nucleotide sequences were compared to other sequences in NCBI database using a BLASTn algorithm and retrieved for further analysis. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic relationship tree constructed revealed two distinct clusters with ancestral lineage of 100% identity. Nigerian goat breeds (Red Sokoto and Sahel) clustered into a clade with Indian goat breeds (Ganjam and Osmanabadi) while the second cluster involved eight other goat breeds. Genetic distance estimate revealed high genetic similarity between Red Sokoto and Sahel breeds as observed in their genetic distance value of 0.003. The nucleotide sequences of the two Nigerian goat breeds (Red Sokoto and Sahel) for KiSS-1 gene were submitted to GenBank database and have accession numbers: MN122316 and MN122317, respectively. The analysis of polymorphism in KiSS-1 gene indicates that genetic variation exists in the goat breeds studied. Therefore, attempts can be made to investigate the association of these polymorphism with reproductive traits in Nigerian goat breeds.
Highlights
Goats spread all over the world because of their ability to adapt to varying environmental conditions and different regimes under which they are subsequently maintained (Assan, 2014) with over 300 distinct breeds to available for different purposes (Hirst, 2018)
Genetic markers like single nucleotide polymorphisms of some genes have been reported to be significantly associated with litter size in goats such as POU class 1 homebox 1 (POU1F1) gene (Feng et al, 2011), KiSS-1 gene (Cao et al, 2010; An et al, 2013a,b; Othman et al, 2015; Mekuriaw et al, 2017) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) gene (Yang et al, 2011; Huang et al, 2012; Bemji et al, 2018), KIT ligand gene (An et al, 2011; 2015; 2016), Inhibin alpha (INHA) gene (An et al, 2012; Sharma et al, 2015; Isa et al, 2017)
Animal sampling and DNA isolation A total of 100 goat belonging to two Nigerian indigenous breeds respectively managed semi-intensively at National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Shika-Zaria were included in this study
Summary
Goats spread all over the world because of their ability to adapt to varying environmental conditions and different regimes under which they are subsequently maintained (Assan, 2014) with over 300 distinct breeds to available for different purposes (Hirst, 2018). The Sahel are known to have a short fine hair with different coat colours from plain white, grey, pied, dappled, black or brown goat is a multipurpose goat breed mostly reared for meat and skin production (Adebambo, 2012) reproductive potentials of this breeds have not been fully explored. Both breeds have interestingly unique adaptive traits making them strive in the hot savanna such as long leggedness, long distance walking ability, feeding behavior, heat tolerance and remarkable recovery capacity from scarcity of feed resources (Muema et al, 2009). This study was intended to identify single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship among two Nigerian Northern goat breeds
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