Abstract
The most used biomass are wood, sugar cane, paper, rice husk, and peanut. Based on the concept of sustainability and waste reduction, the full utilization of biomass is an alternative capable of providing people with a better nutritional intake, improving the economy related to biomass and the ecological relationship between man and the environment. So, the aim of this work was the sustainable use the biomass, the peanut, through multiple unit operations. Thus, the material went through several processes as the grinding process, where it was possible to obtain immediate analysis data (moisture content, ash content, volatile content and fixed carbon) and particle size. Then, drying was performed employing solar energy and the drying efficiency was obtained. Infrared and greenhouse tests were performed in the laboratory to determine the drying and humidity curves. After drying, it was also carried out the oil extraction using ethanol as solvent heated by solar energy. After that, the residual cake was used as the adsorbent material in the dye removal by adsorption in a fixed bed. So, the dye-impregnated adsorbent has undergone a process of pyrolysis in order to form fine coal, bio-oil, and gases. With products and by-products of each process, it was possible to generate the infrared spectrum of each. Therefore, it is shown how the integral use of peanut as biomass is possible, using chemical engineering sustainable processes, and how it may contribute to the reduction of the pollution and to the reduction of waste production.
Highlights
The integral use of biomass is an alternative capable of providing people better nutritional consumption, improve the biomass-related economy and the ecological relation between man and the environment, since the use of this technology results in the reduction of waste (Silva et al, 2005)
With products and by-products of each process, it was possible to generate the infrared spectrum of each. It is shown how the integral use of peanut as biomass is possible, using chemical engineering sustainable processes, and how it may contribute to the reduction of the pollution and to the reduction of waste production
The classified peanut was used in the unit operations of drying, extraction, adsorption, and pyrolysis in order to demonstrate the possible operations of a process of integral use of biomass
Summary
The integral use of biomass is an alternative capable of providing people better nutritional consumption, improve the biomass-related economy and the ecological relation between man and the environment, since the use of this technology results in the reduction of waste (Silva et al, 2005). Due to the vast biodiversity found in its territory, Brazil has a wide variety of agricultural, agro-industrial and waste products whose processing would be of great economic and social interest. These include waste from activities such as pulp and paper mills, sawmills (sawdust), mills (sugarcane bagasse) and, in general, agricultural production units generating grains and crop residues such as straw cereals and corn, corn cob, peanut pods, rice and oat peels, among others (Assis, 1994). The biomass consists of any material of plant origin derived from photosynthesis and includes the fraction previously processed by animals. Biomass sources include wood and processing residues (woody vegetables), non-woody vegetables, which are typically produced from annual crops, urban solid waste generated in the domestic and commercial environment, animal waste, food processing residue, aquatic plants, algae and biofluids (McKendry, 2002)
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