Abstract
DNA sequencing is used to study the small amounts of ancient DNA that are sometimes preserved in archaeological material. Recent advances in the methodology for DNA sequencing have increased the amount of data that can be obtained from ancient DNA. Sequencing of ancient DNA can provide information on the sex of skeletons and their kinship relationships, and on the disease status of individuals. DNA sequencing with preserved plant remains is used to study prehistoric agriculture and in particular can give insights into the genetic adaptation of crops to new environments. Genome sequences of extinct hominins and of early examples of Homo sapiens are revealing novel aspects of human evolution, including the extent and impact of interbreeding between Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans.
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