Abstract
A surface section of the Fatha Formation (Middle Miocene) was studied in the Shaqlawa area, Erbil, Northern Iraq. It consists of siliciclastic silt, evaporates, and carbonates in a mixed siliciclastic silt composition. The Fatha Formation in the study area can be divided into two members of variable thickness based on rocky differences. Depositional settings ranged from shallow open-marine and restricted-hypersaline to supratidal and continental (sabkha, fluvio-deltaic, and exposure). It is bounded below by a type one sequence boundary above the Eocene Pila Spi Formation and marked by conglomerates. The upper sequence boundary with the Injana Formation is conformable. Thirteen sedimentary facies were distinguished in the Fatha Formation within the Shaqlawa region of northern Iraq and include sandstone to mudstone, wavy bedded sandstone to mudstone, Flaser bedded sandstone to mudstone, Marl, sandstone, cross lamination sandstone, Trough cross bedded sandstone, Planar cross bedded sandstone, marly limestone lithofacies, bioclastic grainstone to packstone microfacies, bioclastic lime mudstone to wackestone microfacies, lime mudstone-wackestone microfacies, and gypsum lithofacies. The depositional environment of the formation was inferred based on the facies association concepts. The succession formation can be divided into several third-order cycles, which reflect fluctuations in the relative sea-level rise. High-frequency cycles of transgressive System Tract and Highstand System tract. Fundamental to the evolution of the sequence, in this case, is the local tectonic component.
Highlights
Busk and Mayo (1918) first identified the Lower Fars Formation in Iran's Fars Province, they didn't provide a type location
This study mainly aims to determine the sedimentary environment through a detailed petrographic study and analysis of the sedimentary features of a selected section within the study area
Thirteen sedimentary facies were distinguished in the Fatha Formation within the Shaqlawa region of northern Iraq and: Marl, wavy bedded sandstone to mudstone, and flaser bedded sandstone to mudstone sublithofacies, sandstone include parallel to cross lamination sandstones, trough cross-bedded sandstone, and Planar cross-bedded sandstone sublithofacies, bioclastic grainstone to packstone microfacies, bioclastic lime mudstone to wackestone microfacies, and lime mudstonewackestone microfacies are the three microfacies that make up the limestone lithofacies
Summary
Busk and Mayo (1918) first identified the Lower Fars Formation in Iran's Fars Province, they didn't provide a type location (van Bellen et al, 1959). One of Iraq's most widely distributed formations is the Middle Miocene Fatha Formation (Jassim and Buday, 2006). It's mostly evaporitic, with alternating mud rocks, limestones, gypsum, anhydrite, and halite forming multiple shallowing-upward cycles. It is an essential part of the petroleum system since it serves as a regional seal for many oil reservoirs in Iraq (Alkhafaji et al, 2022; Awadh and Al-Mimar, 2018), and it is a reservoir in many fields (Metwalli et al, 1974). Jassim et al (1999) discovered commercially important sulfur deposits in evaporite beds
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