Sequence Similarity between the Long Terminal Repeat Coding Regions of Mammary-Tumorigenic BALB/cV and Renal-Tumorigenic C3H-K Strains of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus

Abstract

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) encodes a protein which functions as a superantigen. The BALB/cV strain differs from other exogenous MMTVs antigenically, biochemically, on the basis of restriction fragment analysis, and by the specificity of its superantigen for Vβ2 +T cells. In order to elucidate the origin of the BALB/cV virus and to better understand the interaction of its superantigen with the T cell receptor, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the BALB/cV LTR open reading frame, including 93 bases downstream of the translation termination site. The encoded protein's C-terminal portion, thought to control superantigenic specificity, is identical to the C3H-K strain of MMTV, isolated from a rare kidney adenocarcinoma. The remainder of the coding sequence is highly related to many MMTV strains. Like other MMTV strains, the BALB/cV LTR maintains intact an 18 base pair sequence, located downstream of the translational termination site, which is lacking in the C3H-K LTR. Sequence comparison between the BALB/cV LTR and other MMTV strains indicates that the most likely origin for the BALB/cV open reading frame sequence is a recombination event involving the endogenous provirus mtv-6.