Abstract
Nucleotide sequence analyses of the Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 genes were conducted in 46 malaria patients from the Republic of Korea (ROK) (n = 40) and returning travellers from India (n = 3) and Indonesia (n = 3). The domain structures, which were based on cysteine residue position and secondary protein structure, were similar between Plasmodium vivax (Pvs48/45 and Pvs47) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pfs48/45 and Pfs47). In comparison to the Sal-1 reference strain (Pvs48/45, PVX_083235 and Pvs47, PVX_083240), Korean isolates revealed seven polymorphisms (E35K, H211N, K250N, D335Y, A376T, I380T and K418R) in Pvs48/45. These isolates could be divided into five haplotypes with the two major types having frequencies of 47.5% and 20%, respectivelfy. In Pvs47, 10 polymorphisms (F22L, F24L, K27E, D31N, V230I, M233I, E240D, I262T, I273M and A373V) were found and they could be divided into four haplotypes with one major type having a frequency of 75%. The Pvs48/45 isolates from India showed a unique amino acid substitution site (K26R). Compared to the Sal-1 and ROK isolates, the Pvs47 isolates from travellers returning from India and Indonesia had amino acid substitutions (S57T and I262K). The current data may contribute to the development of the malaria transmission-blocking vaccine in future clinical trials.
Highlights
Malaria is a highly infectious disease and has the highest worldwide mortality rate
Prediction of cysteine-rich domains (CMs) in Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 - A 56% amino acid sequence homology existed between Pvs48/45 (PVX_083235) and Pfs48/45 (PF13_0247) and 42% homology existed between Pvs47 (PVX_083240) and Pfs47 (PF13_0248)
Red coloured atoms represented the mutations in Pvs48/45 (A-C) and blue referred to the mutations in Pvs47 (D-F), respectively
Summary
Malaria is a highly infectious disease and has the highest worldwide mortality rate. According to the 2011 World Malaria Report, the number of suspected malaria cases reached 216 million with 655,000 malaria-related deaths in 2010. We analysed the polymorphisms in the Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 proteins from the clinical P. vivax isolates from the ROK. Polymorphisms in Pvs48/45 and Pvs47 - From the Pvs48/45 nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses, one synonymous and eight nonsynonymous substitutions were found in comparison to those in the Sal-1 strain (Table I) in the present study.
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