Sequence based data supports a single Nostoc strain in individual coralloid roots of cycads

Abstract

The genetic diversity of cyanobacteria associated with cycads was examined using the tRNA Leu (UAA) intron as a genetic marker. Coralloid roots of both natural populations of the cycad Macrozamia riedlei (Fischer ex Gaudichaud-Beaupré) C.A. Gardner growing in Perth, Australia and cycads growing in greenhouses, also in Perth, were used and their respective cyanobionts analyzed. Several Nostoc strains were found to be involved in this symbiosis, both in natural populations and greenhouse-originated cycads. However, only one strain was present in individual coralloid roots and in individual plants, even when analyzing different coralloid roots from the same plant. Moreover, when examining plants growing close to each other (female plants and their respective offspring) the same cyanobacterium was consistently present in the different coralloid roots. Whether this reflects a selective mechanisms or merely the availability of Nostoc strains remains to be ascertained. The high cyanobacterial diversity in coralloid roots of cycads revealed by PCR fingerprinting is, therefore, contested. In this study, the potential problems of using different methods (e.g., PCR fingerprinting) to study the genetic diversity of symbiotic cyanobacteria, is also addressed.