Abstract
Phage therapy has emerged as a potential novel treatment of sepsis for which no decisive progress has been achieved thus far. Obviously, phages can help eradicate local bacterial infection and bacteremia that may occur in a syndrome. For example, phages may be helpful in correcting excessive inflammatory responses and aberrant immunity that occur in sepsis. Data from animal studies strongly suggest that phages may indeed be an efficient means of therapy for experimentally induced sepsis. In recent years, a number of reports have appeared describing the successful treatment of patients with sepsis. Moreover, novel data on the anti-viral potential of phages may be interpreted as suggesting that phages could be used as an adjunct therapy in severe COVID-19. Thus, clinical trials assessing the value of phage therapy in sepsis, including viral sepsis, are urgently needed.
Highlights
Phage therapy has emerged as a potential novel treatment of sepsis for which no decisive progress has been achieved far
We summarize the progress in treating sepsis with phage therapy over the last three years
A number of reports derived from experimental studies in animals and human clinics have suggested the potential value of phage therapy in the treatment of sepsis
Summary
Leshkasheli et al demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of phage therapy in Galleria mallonella larvae and in a mouse model of sepsis caused by Acinobacter baumanii [6]. Similar data were obtained by Wu et al, who showed that a phage effective against that pathogen can rescue lethal sepsis mice [7]. The effect of a single phage treatment (1 mL ip at a dose of 109 ) was comparable. The mice could be rescued even when phage administration was delayed for 24 h after pathogen inoculation. While both a single phage and phage cocktails were effective, optimal results have been achieved with cocktails [9]. High effectiveness of phage therapy in the treatment of experimental sepsis induced by multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa was confirmed by Alvi et al [10]. Suppressing NF-kappa B signaling may be beneficial in an experimental mouse model of sepsis [14]
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