Abstract
The electronic structure of the rutile TiO2(110) surface passivated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was investigated by depth-resolved Ti L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We measured a series of Ti LMM Auger electron angular distributions as a function of photon energy. X-ray absorption spectra measured at the grazing and normal emission directions were deconvoluted into surface- and bulk-region-specific spectra. The spectra at an emission polar angle of approximately 47.5° were identical to the emission-angle integrated spectrum. This suggests that the TiO2 surface electronic structures have two main components: those of the surface layers, with a thickness of approximately 0.47 nm, and those of the bulk regions. The separated surface spectrum suggested that the Ti 3d band is partially occupied, but no additional peak related to the defect state was found. These results showed that the surface treatment was effective in removing the electron recombination defect sites at the photovoltaic cel...
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