Abstract
Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is an attractive complementary or alternative process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process due to advantages such as mild operating conditions. In the ODS process, the sulfur-containing compounds are oxidized first to polar sulfoxide and sulfone products and then these polar compounds are separated using solvent extraction or an adsorption process. In the present study, the separation of oxidized sulfur-containing compounds of diesel as a real fuel has been investigated using extraction in a single drop column. The oxidation system was hydrogen peroxide/formic acid. The selected solvent for the extraction of oxidized sulfur-containing compounds was dimethylformamide (DMF). In single drop tests, the effect of various parameters including the drop size (1.70-4.60 mm) and column height (228-550 mm) on the different parameters such as drop velocity and sulfur concentration in the dispersed and continuous phases has been investigated. The outcome of this study provides valuable insights for designing the extraction column for separation of oxidized sulfur-containing compounds from middle distillate fuels in an ODS process.
Highlights
Increasing the consumption of crude oil and its derivatives in the world leads to an increase in environmental pollution
An experimental investigation was conducted on the desulfurization of diesel by oxidation followed by extraction in a single drop column
The effects of solvent to fuel ratio and number of extraction stages on the desulfurization were studied in batch extraction mode using DMF and DMSO as solvents
Summary
Increasing the consumption of crude oil and its derivatives in the world leads to an increase in environmental pollution. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process is the conventional technology applied for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from oil derivatives. In this process, deep desulfurization needs high temperatures (up to 400 °C), high pressures (up to 100 bar), and expensive catalysts, which lead to an increase in the capital and operating costs. The oxidation/ extraction desulfurization process is an attractive method due to its mild operating conditions, no need of hydrogen, and high potential to remove HDS refractory sulfur-containing compounds (Hassan et al, 2013; Ito and Van Veen, 2006; Mjalli et al, 2014). The second stage is the removal of the oxidized sulfur-containing compounds by a liquid-liquid extraction process using a polar solvent or selective adsorption.
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