Abstract
The aim of the current experiments was to study the reactive extraction of fumaric acid using Amberlite LA-2 and to comparatively analyze the influences of the process parameters (pH-value of aqueous phase, extractant concentration, and organic phase polarity) on the separation performances for the extraction systems with and without 1-octanol. Also, original equations describing the influence of extractant concentration on distribution coefficient were proposed. The results indicated that the mechanism of the interfacial reaction between acid FA(COOH)2 and extractant (Q) is controlled by the organic phase polarity and the pH-value of aqueous phase plays an important role on extraction efficiency. Thus, the structure of the extracted complexes, in the absence of 1-octanol, are FA(COOH)2Q2 for n-heptane and FA(COOH)2Q for dichloromethane. The addition of 1-octanol modified only the structure of complexes extracted in n-heptane to FA(COOH)2Q. The positive effect of 1-octanol on extraction efficiency was quantified by means of the amplification factor, its maximum values being 2.8 for dichloromethane, and 2.48 for n-heptane. The extraction mechanism influences also the value of the extraction constant, the highest value, KE = 1.31 ·103 (L2·mol−2), was obtained for lower polarity of the organic phase, namely n-heptane.
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