Abstract
Abstract It has been previously predicted theoretically that a substantial separation of counterions will occur during the pressure-driven transport of electrolyte mixtures across charged porous membranes. This presumption has been supported experimentally using negatively charged sulfonated polysulfone and ternary electrolyte solutions with a simple coion like Cl−. In dilute solutions the selectivity has approached values between 8 and 10 and sometimes even greater. The experimental findings of the relationship of selectivity to feed ionic strength and feed composition agree fairly well with the theory. Moreover, the theoretical prediction is also supported by the correlation of selectivity with mobilities of counterions and transmembrane volume flow. The less mobile counterions of symmetrical mixtures like KCl/LiCl have a rejection inferior to the more mobile ones when porous charged membranes are used. The reverse effect was observed when more dense membranes of the same polymer and degree of substitut...
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