Abstract
San-ao decoction (SAD), comprising Herba Ephedrae, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Seneb Armeniacae Amarum, is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae for asthma. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism and have become important therapeutic targets for various deseases, PPARγ activation might exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in different chronic inflammatory processes. The EtOAc fraction of SAD showed a significant effect on PPARγ activation. A simple and rapid method has been established for separation and characterization of the main compounds in the PPARγ-activating fraction of SAD by ultra-fast HPLC coupled with quadropole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). A total of 10 compounds were identified in the activating fraction of SAD, including amygdalin (1), liquiritin (2), 6′-acetyliquiritin (3), liquiritigenin (4), isoliquiritigenin (5), formononetin (6), licoisoflavanone (7), glycycoumarin (8), glycyrol (9) and quercetin (10). The results also characterized formononetin as a predominant component in this fraction. The dose-effect relationship comparison study of formononetin and the EtOAc fraction of SAD by adding formononetin was performed, the results suggested that formononetin was the major component of the EtOAc fraction of SAD responsible for activating PPARγ, and the method will possibly be applied to study the complex biological active constituents of other TCMs.
Highlights
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are natural therapeutic remedies used under the guidance of traditional Chinese medical philosophy and the Chinese community worldwide for thousands of years.Most of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are multi-ingredient formulae, and it is widely accepted that multiple constituents are responsible for their bio-activities [1]
The activities at 0.3 g/mL of the nonaqueous extracts of San-ao decoction (SAD) were equivalent to 40 % of that at 0.5 μmol/L of T174, a synthetic potent PPARγ agonist
A ultra-fast high performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC)-Quatropole time-of-flight (Q-TOF)/mass method had been established for the first time for the separation and characterization of the main compounds in the SAD fraction activating PPARγ
Summary
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are natural therapeutic remedies used under the guidance of traditional Chinese medical philosophy and the Chinese community worldwide for thousands of years. It is important and urgent to carry out chemical and pharmacological studies on TCMs. San-ao decoction (SAD) is a well-known Chinese formula that has been used clinically to treat upper respiratory diseases such as colds and bronchitis for thousands of years. San-ao decoction (SAD) is a well-known Chinese formula that has been used clinically to treat upper respiratory diseases such as colds and bronchitis for thousands of years Nowadays, it is widely used in clinical practice for treating bronchitis caused by bacterial and viral infection. The use of liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) is commonplace, as the desire for significantly reduced analysis times with increased sample throughput, sensitivity, and resolution has resulted in the research of simultaneous determination on multiple compounds, such as the chemical research of formulae of TCMs [3,4]. A UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method was selected and developed for characterization of constituents in the active fraction of SAD for the first time, and the dose-effect relationship of the main bio-active constituent was investigated in order to clarify the total bio-active contribution from the constituents
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