Abstract
The Zuojin Pill consists of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF). It has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. Alkaloids are considered to be its main pharmacologically active substances. The authors of the present study investigated the feasibility of preparing high purity total alkaloids (TAs) from CR and EF extracts separately and evaluated the effect for the treatment of bile reflux gastritis (BRG). Coptis chinensis Franch. and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. were used in the study. An optimized method for the enrichment and purification of TAs with macroporous resin was established. Furthermore, qualitative analysis by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–QTOF-MS) was explored to identify the components of purified TAs. Thirty-one compounds, thirty alkaloids and one phenolic compound, were identified or tentatively assigned by comparison with reference standards or literature data. A method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC–DAD) for quantitative analysis was also developed. The contents of nine alkaloids were determined. Moreover, a rat model of BRG was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of purified TAs from CR and EF. Gastric pathologic examination suggested that the alkaloids’ combination could markedly attenuate the pathological changes of gastric mucosa.
Highlights
The Zuojin Pill is a traditional Chinese medical formula
The adsorption capacity (48.9 ± 0.8 mg·g−1 for Euodiae Fructus (EF)) of the D101 resin was higher than the others, and the D101 resin was selected for its highest desorption ratio (80.8 ± 0.9% for EF); see Figure 3b
Limonin was not detected in the purified total alkaloids (TAs) of EF
Summary
The Zuojin Pill is a traditional Chinese medical formula It was first recorded in Danxi’s Experiential Therapy for treating gastrointestinal disorders in the fifteenth century. This classical prescription has been used by numerous herbalists for hundreds of years It is officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as a prescription for patients suffering from gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, and pyloric obstruction, among other disorders [1]. It consists of two commonly used herbs, namely Coptidis Rhizoma (CR, the rhizome of Coptis chinesis Franch.) and Euodiae Fructus (EF, the unripe fruit of Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.), with a specific dose ratio of 6:1 (w/w). Indole–quinoline and –quinolone alkaloids are supposed to be the primary active components of EF [3,4] (Figure 1)
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