Abstract
An efficient method based on thiol functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HS-MSNPs) was used for extraction of lead ions (PbII) from urine and water samples by packed column micro solid phase extraction (PC-MSPE). By procedure, 15 mg of HS-MSNPs packed in syringe cartridges (SC, 5 mL) with cellulose membrane and pH adjusting at 5.5-6.5. Then, the lead of urine and water sample was efficiently extracted on HS-MSNPs after pushing the plunger of a syringe. Finally, the Pb (II) was back-extracted with inorganic acid solution and the remained solution determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS). By optimization conditions, the enrichment factor, LOD, linear range and RSD% was obtained 24.8, 0.04 μg L-1, 0.12-5.5 μg L-1 and less than 5%, respectively for 5 mL of urine samples. The validation was confirmed by spiking of real samples and using certified reference material (CRM, NIST) in water and urine sample.
Highlights
Heavy metals such as; arsenic (As), lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni) with densities about 5 gram per cubic centimeter are called heavy metals
The pH optimization The pH is one of the most important parameters which were affected on lead extraction by PCMSPE procedure
The effect of urine and standard pH on the extraction of Pb (II) by HS-MSNPs and MSNPs has investigated from pH of 1-12 containing 0.1-5.5 μg L-1 of lead ions by packed column micro solid phase extraction (PC-MSPE) method
Summary
Heavy metals such as; arsenic (As), lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni) with densities about 5 gram per cubic centimeter are called heavy metals. Natural and human sources of heavy metals are mineral resources development, metal processing and smelting, petrochemical company, factory emissions, and sewage irrigation [1]. Exposure to heavy metals especially mercury caused to different disease in humans. Heavy metals enter to human body and cause many problem with adverse health effects [6]. Heavy metals have a normal range in environment (air, soil, water), but industrial activity increase their concentrations in the environment matrix and humans [7]. The Pb(II) was widely used in industrial processes and has highly toxic effect in humans as a major environmental pollutant [8]. The lead exposure is still the main subject in the human workplace and occupational health but some
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