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Abstract
Aqueous liquids have a wide range of applications in many fields. Basic physical properties like the density and the viscosity have great impacts on the functionalities of a given ionic liquid. For the millions kinds of existing liquids, only a few have been systematically measured with the density and the viscosity using traditional methods. However, these methods are limited to measure the density and the viscosity of an ionic liquid simultaneously especially in processing micro sample volumes. To meet this challenge, we present a new theoretical model and a novel method to separate density and viscosity measurements with single quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in this work. The agreement of experimental results and theocratical calculations shows that the QCM is capable to measure the density and the viscosity of ionic liquids.
Highlights
The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a piezoelectric quartz crystal disc sandwiched between two electrodes, and it works in the thickness-shear mode when a voltage is applied across the electrodes
When a rigid film coats on the surface of a QCM, there will be a linear relationship between frequency shift and mass change on its surface
Where f 0 is the fundamental frequency of the quartz crystal, ρ0 is the quartz density, μq is the quartz shear elastic constant, ∆m is the mass change, and n is the number of overtones
Summary
The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a piezoelectric quartz crystal disc sandwiched between two electrodes, and it works in the thickness-shear mode when a voltage is applied across the electrodes. We present a novel theoretical model and a new method to separate density and viscosity measurements of liquids only using a single smooth surface QCM based on the frequency response analysis. The frequency shift of the QCM sensor will be a result of the combined effects of both the stress and pressure variations:
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