Abstract
Seomae mugwort, a Korean native variety of Artemisia argyi, exhibits physiological effects against various diseases. However, its effects on osteoarthritis (OA) are unclear. In this study, a Seomae mugwort extract prevented cartilage destruction in an OA mouse model. In vitro and ex vivo analyses revealed that the extract suppressed MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression induced by IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α and inhibited the loss of extracellular sulphated proteoglycans. In vivo analysis revealed that oral administration of the extract suppressed DMM‐induced cartilage destruction. We identified jaceosidin in Seomae mugwort and showed that this compound decreased MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression levels, similar to the action of the Seomae mugwort extract in cultured chondrocytes. Interestingly, jaceosidin and eupatilin combined had similar effects to Seomae mugwort in the DMM‐induced OA model. Induction of IκB degradation by IL‐1β was blocked by the extract and jaceosidin, whereas JNK phosphorylation was only suppressed by the extract. These results suggest that the Seomae mugwort extract and jaceosidin can attenuate cartilage destruction by suppressing MMPs, ADAMTS4/5 and the nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathway by blocking IκB degradation. Thus, the findings support the potential application of Seomae mugwort, and particularly jaceosidin, as natural therapeutics for OA.
Highlights
Artemisia argyi is a species of mugwort and a natural herb used in food, tea and traditional medicine in East Asia
PCR revealed that the increased expression levels of MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 were further decreased by the Seomae mugwort extract (Figure 1A and S3)
Jaceosidin and Seomae mugwort suppressed the degradation of IκB (Figure 5D). These results suggested that Seomae mugwort and jaceosidin have an inhibitory effect against OA development by suppressing IL-1β-mediated NF-κB signalling (Figure 5E)
Summary
Artemisia argyi is a species of mugwort and a natural herb used in food, tea and traditional medicine in East Asia. NF-κB has a key regulatory role in the expression of genes, including those encoding cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and various enzymes.[25,26] In OA, the increased expression of ECM-degrading enzymes, including MMPs and ADAMTSs, is affected by activated NF-κB signalling, where NF-κB is separated from the IκB protein. This protein inactivates NF-κB, and the separated IκB is degraded.[27] drugs such as aspirin and sulfasalazine regulate NF-κB signalling,[28] they have gastrointestinal side effects, such as an upset stomach and vomiting.[29]. Considering this background, the present study was performed to investigate the prophylactic effect of this natural extract on OA pathogenesis
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