Abstract
Negation in modern Mongolian was analyzed by scholars namely : Luvsanvandan Sh (1968, 2000), Wonsoo Yu (1991), Monkh-Amgalan Yu (1998), Purev-Ochir B. (1998, 2001), Byambasan P. (2006), Kunihiko Hasimoto (2008), Bat-Ireedui J.(2009), Ravdan E. (2009), Monkh-Amgalan Yu & Kan Shin (2014). Sentential negation in modern Mongolian is not sufficiently studied in sentential and discourse level s . The tendency of modern linguistic requires us to conduct more comprehensive and deeper research than previous scholars did. Our research is considered to be the first intended research on negation in modern Mongolian, because it is one part of Ph.D dissertation on negative meaning of modern Mongolian. There are two forms of sentential negation s in modern Mongolian language, namely: explicit and implicit. Explicit negation is expressed by negative markers, but implicit negation is expressed by form s without negative markers, positive form s , intonation s , structure s with interrogative word s and phrase s . Negative markers have preverbal and postverbal positions in sentences. Preverbal negative markers are all particles ( buu, bitgij, ul, es, alga) and have SONegV sentential type, but postverbal negative markers are particles ( uguj , bis, bus ) and negative grammatical morphemes (- guj, -udzaj 2 , -lguj, -ltguj, -mguj, -sguj ) which have SOVNeg type. Particles, which are used as preverbal and postverbal negative markers in modern Mongolian, have more specific features than negative markers in other languages. Their unique features are to be used not only as negative markers in negative sentences, but also to substitute for verb phrases in c-command and sentences in the discourse level. This paper aims to consider how sentential negative markers in modern Mongolian are used as pro-forms of negative sentences. Keywords: modern Mongolian, preverbal, postverbal, negative marker, pro-verb, pro-clause, pro-sentence
Highlights
Ireedui J.(2009), Ravdan E. (2009), Mönkh-Amgalan Yu & Kan Shin (2014)
We will consider preverbal negative markers: bitgij, alga and postverbal negative markers ügüj, biš, because they are used as pro-forms in modern Mongolian syntax
In this article we argue that sentential negative markers in modern Mongolian are used as pro-forms of negative sentences
Summary
Pro-forms were defined by scholars Paul Schachter and Timothy Shopen (2007:24). They argue that the term pro-form is a cover term for several closed classes of words which, under certain circumstances, are used as substitutes for words belonging to open classes, or for larger constituents. Giuliano Bernini a Paola Ramat (1996:89) considered that the expressions ‘yes’, ‘no’ are called pro-sentences, in that they represent an entire sentence with the same propositional content as the utterance in the preceding context. In their opinion ‘No’ represents a whole sentence.
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