Abstract
Guard cells regulate the dimension of stoma-tal pores in the leaf epidermis, and pore size regulates gas exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Stomatal function couples the rate of water loss by transpiration with the rate of carbon dioxide uptake by photosynthesis. Guard cells sense multiple environmental and hormonal signals and transduce those signals to modulate the pore apertures to conserve water and ensure a supply of CO2 sufficient for photosynthesis.
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