Abstract
Sensory dynamics can be re-shaped by environmental interaction, allowing adaptation to altered or unfamiliar conditions that would otherwise provoke challenges for the central nervous system. One such condition occurs in virtual reality, where sensory conflict is thought to induce cybersickness. Although the sensory re-weighting process is likely to underlie adaptation to cybersickness, evidence of a link between sensory re-weighting dynamics and cybersickness is rare. Here, we characterize the relationship between sensory re-weighting in a balance control task and cybersickness. Participants were exposed to visual oscillation while standing in tandem stance. The sway path length of the center of pressure (COP) was measured and averaged for each level of visual oscillation, and a ratio was computed between high and low oscillation magnitudes to reflect the relative contributions of multiple sensory sources of information concerning balance control. Results showed a significant relationship between the magnitude dependency of sway and common sub-scales of cybersickness: disorientation (r(21) = .45, p = .028) and oculomotor discomfort (r(21) = .45, p = .033). We conclude that participants who reported less cybersickness were better-able to down-weight visual information at high magnitude oscillations, thus demonstrating a lower dependency between sway and visual magnitude. The results confirm the utility of balance control as an indicator of cybersickness, and support the role of multisensory re-weighting in determining an individual’s tolerance to VR applications.
Highlights
Motion sickness is often experienced in conditions where abnormal relationships exist between sensory cues (Money, 1970; Reason and Brand, 1975; Reason, 1978; Oman, 1990)
There was no association between mean center of pressure (COP) path length when we analyzed the data across all balance conditions and any of the sickness-related outcome measures [SSQ total scores (r(90) = 0.10, p = 0.35), MSSQ total scores (r(90) = −0.01, p = 0.94), mean FMS scores (r(90) = −0.11, p = 0.28; Figure 3)]
Our results propose that shortterm sensory re-weighting differences are related to susceptibility to cybersickness
Summary
Motion sickness is often experienced in conditions where abnormal relationships exist between sensory cues (Money, 1970; Reason and Brand, 1975; Reason, 1978; Oman, 1990). Habituation to motion sickness due to continued exposure to the novel conditions is thought to reflect sensorimotor learning or re-weighting, whereby the internal models linking prior expectations, motor output, and sensory feedback are updated (Oman, 1990; Oman and Cullen, 2014). Experimental derivations of sensory weights in spatial orientation tasks reveal that patients with bilateral vestibulopathy weight vision two to three times higher than control participants, consistent with long-term adaptation effects (Alberts et al, 2017)
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