Sensors, electronics and algorithms for tracking at the next generation of colliders

Abstract

Abstract High Luminosities planned at colliders of the next decades pose very severe requirements on vertex detector systems in terms of space resolution (tens of μ m), radiation hardness (some 1016 1 MeV n eq cm−2 and some Grad) and data throughput (several Tbit/s). Expected event pile-up (more than 100) introduces the need to add high resolution time measurements (better than 100 ps) already at the single pixel level, for both real-time and off-line track reconstruction, in order to distinguish primary vertices which are merged in space. This demand pushes towards a new concept of vertex detector system, where all these features must operate at the same time. Developments have to proceed concurrently along three main directions: sensors for timing, high-performance pixel electronics readout with time measurement per pixel, pattern recognition techniques for real-time track reconstruction. Time available to finalize such a system is not that long with respect to the challenge to be confronted and overcome: about 10 years to be ready for data taking.