Abstract
Transmission line towers are usually analyzed using linear elastic idealized truss models. Due to the assumptions used in the analysis, there are discrepancies between the actual results obtained from full scale prototype testing and the analytical results. Therefore, design engineers are interested in assessing the actual stress levels in transmission line towers. Since it is costly to place sensors on every member of a tower structure, the best locations for sensors need to be carefully selected. This study evaluates a methodology for sensor placement in transmission line towers. The objective is to find optimal locations for sensors such that the real behavior of the structure can be explained from measurements. The methodology is based on the concepts of entropy and model falsification. Sensor locations are selected based on maximum entropy such that there is maximum separation between model instances that represent different possible combinations of parameter values which have uncertainties. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to that of an intuitive method in which sensor locations are selected where the forces are maximum. A typical 220 kV transmission tower is taken as case study in this paper. It is shown that the intuitive method results in much higher number of non-separable models compared to the optimal sensor placement algorithm. Thus the intuitive method results in poor identification of the system.
Highlights
Transmission line towers form a significant part of the total cost of power transmission infrastructure
Sensor locations are selected based on maximum entropy such that there is maximum separation between model instances that represent different possible combinations of parameter values which have uncertainties
It is shown that the intuitive method results in much higher number of non-separable models compared to the optimal sensor placement algorithm
Summary
Transmission line towers form a significant part of the total cost of power transmission infrastructure. Most of the transmission line towers employ steel lattice structures. There are many discrepancies between the actual measurements obtained from full-scale prototype testing and the analytical results. Factors, such as joint eccentricity, connection rigidity, geometric and material non-linearities, uneven foundation, etc., are some of the reasons for variations in these results. Most of the lattice towers employ angle sections as members. These members that are connected with bolted connections introduce eccentricities between the line of action of the load/force and the longitudinal principal axis of the member. These members that are connected with bolted connections introduce eccentricities between the line of action of the load/force and the longitudinal principal axis of the member. Zhang et al (2013) point out that there are discrepancies in the structural behavior between the idealized model and the model with joint
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