Abstract
Biomarkers indicate human health conditions and diseases. For example, viral RNA and antigens are used for COVID-19 screening. Currently enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the gold standard methods for measuring protein and nucleic acid biomarkers, respectively. Both PCR and ELISA require professionals to operate in a centralized laboratory for several hours. Therefore, this presentation shows our effort to develop paper-based lateral flow strips as point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for rapid and in-field detection of proteins and nucleic acids by laypersons at clinics, home, and remote areas. Plasmonic nanostructures have been developed to enhance fluorescence or surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to improve sensitivity. Such optical sensors have been integrated with paper-based microfluidic strips to achieve automation and miniaturization. The integrated paper-based lateral flow strips have been used for detection of viruses and biomarkers of several human diseases such as traumatic brain injury and cancers.
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