Abstract
Point-of-care testing (PoC) is revolutionizing the healthcare sector improving patient care in daily hospital practice and allowing reaching even remote areas. In the frame of cancer management, the design and validation of PoC enabling the non-invasive, rapid detection of cancer markers is urgently required to implement liquid biopsy. However, despite substantial advances in sensing technologies, the development, preparation, and use of self-testing devices is still confined to specialist laboratories and users. Decentralized analytical devices will enormously impact daily lives, enabling people to analyze diverse clinical, environmental, and food samples, evaluate them and make predictions to improve quality of life, particularly in remote, resource-scarce areas. In recent years, paper-based analytical tools have attracted a great deal of attention; the well-known properties of paper, such as abundance, affordability, lightness, and biodegradability, combined with features of printed electrochemical sensors, have enabled the development of sustainable devices that drive (bio)sensors beyond the state of the art. Their blindness toward colored/turbid matrices (i.e., blood, soil), their portability, and the capacity of paper to autonomously filter/purge/react with target species make such devices powerful in establishing point-of-need tools for use by non-specialists. Depending on analytical requisites, different types of paper (filter, office) and configurations (1D, 2D, 3D) can be adopted. Focusing on stable blood-based markers with high-specificity, such as miRNAs, is of crucial importance. A wide overview regarding application ranging from DNA to miRNA detection will be provided, with the aim in showing the potentialities of portable electrochemical biosensors for improving society involvement in monitoring circulating nucleic acids associated to diverse conditions, i.e. cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, HIV.
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