Abstract
Currently, the use of sensors and supporting technologies has become indispensable in the assessment of tribological behavioral patterns of composites. Furthermore, the current investigation focused on the assessment of the tribological behavior of the Al–SiCp composite for high-temperature applications. Moreover, the Al–SiCp composite was fabricated by adapting the liquid metallurgy route with varying weight percentages of SiCp (x = 3, 6, and 9). Density, hardness, and high-temperature wear tests were performed to evaluate the hardness and tribological characteristics and properties of modern-day advanced composites. Moreover, the inclusion of SiCp enhanced the advanced composite materials hardness from 60 HV to 110 HV due to a high degree of refinement of the α-phase. Subsequently, the fabricated samples’ wear behavior was assessed by varying the wear parameter viz. the applied load (20 N and 30 N) and sliding distance (250 m, 500 m, 750 m, and 1000 m) with the constant sliding velocity (0.45 m/s) for various temperatures (40 °C, 150 °C, and 250 °C). Moreover, the results revealed that the enhancement in the reinforcement percentage improves the wear resistance. Consequently, the wear rate decreased at 250 °C, possibly owing to the development of the oxide layers. Therefore, the occurrence of delamination and plastic deformation were evidenced in the wear-out surface, thereby depicting the prevalence of delamination and the abrasive wear-mechanism.
Highlights
Industry X.0 is pushing manufacturing and production businesses to move forward from conventional practices towards the use of progressive digital technologies to accomplish sustainable development
To understand the mechanism of grain refinement of Al/SiCp composites, the Al-13.2% Si alloy was modified with various levels of SiCp like 2.0 wt.%, 4.0 wt.%, and 6.0 wt.% and the melt was poured into a water-cooled water mold of 32 K/s cooling at 5 min holding
The samples were subjected to DIC Leica optical microscopy (Figure 3) and SEM microanalysis (Figure 4) to observe the reaction of SiCp with the nucleation particles, which improves wear resistance under various environmental conditions
Summary
Industry X.0 is pushing manufacturing and production businesses to move forward from conventional practices towards the use of progressive digital technologies to accomplish sustainable development. Among the available Al alloys, Al–Si alloys exhibit various unique properties, including large strength-to-weight-rate, excellent castability, less thermal expansion, and high corrosion resistance Such alloys exhibit weak wear-resistance that reduces their application in tribological environments (slippage under fretting, loading, degradation of material in sliding condition) [4,5,6,7]. The stir casting route was considered as the most economical method for the mass production of components [8,9,10,11,12] These MMC’s are reinforced with several organic, carbides, and nitride-based materials that include graphite, graphene, silicon carbide, titanium nitride, among others, to enhance the performance of the base materials [13,14,15,16].
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