Sensitization to Furry Animals and Clinical Relevance of House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Rhinitis in Guangzhou, China

Abstract

Introduction: The impact of furry animal allergens on house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) is unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate the co-sensitization and cross-sensitization of furry animal allergens and assess their clinical relevance with HDM-induced AR. Methods: We enrolled 268 patients with HDM-induced AR who were diagnosed with skin prick tests positive for dogs and/or cats. Specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for dogs (e1) and cats (e2), their components (Can f 1–5 and Fel d 1–2), and other uncommon furry animal extracts were measured. Symptoms and quality of life were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: The VAS scores for the AR and asthma (AS; n = 166), moderate-to-severe persistent-AR (n = 132), and e1P (positive)-e2P (n = 89) groups were higher than those for single AR (n = 102), other AR classifications, and other AR sensitization profiles, respectively. The IgE positivity rates for components such as Can f 1–3 and Fel d 2 and those for rats, sheep, mice, cows, and horses were highest in e1P-e2P patients. Can f 1–4, Fel d 1, Fel d 2, or the combined allergens were positively correlated with VAS scores. AR combined with AS and sensitization to Can f 4, Fel d 1, or mice were risk factors for HDM-induced AR with VAS scores ≥5. Conclusions: Extensive cross-sensitization or co-sensitization was found between Can f 1–3, Fel d 2, or rat, sheep, mouse, cow, and horse extracts. Higher sIgE levels for Can f 1–4 and Fel d 1–2 or a higher number of furry animal allergens lead to more severe symptoms and a reduced quality of life. Combined with AS, sensitization to Can f 4, Fel d 1, or mice were risk factors for moderate-to-severe HDM-induced AR.