Abstract
Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a microfluidic technology used for manipulating liquid droplets at microliter to nanoliter scale. EWOD has the ability to facilitate the accurate manipulation of liquid droplets, i.e., transporting, dispensing, splitting, and mixing. In this work, EWOD fabrication with suitable and affordable materials is proposed for creating EWOD lab-on-a-chip platforms. The EWOD platforms are applied for the diagnosis of early mortality syndrome (EMS) in shrimp by utilizing the colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification method with pH-sensitive xylenol orange (LAMP–XO) diagnosis technique. The qualitative sensitivity is observed by comparing the limit of detection (LOD) while performing the LAMP–XO diagnosis test on the proposed lab-on-a-chip EWOD platform, alongside standard LAMP laboratory tests. The comparison results confirm the reliability of EMS diagnosis on the EWOD platform with qualitative sensitivity for detecting the EMS DNA plasmid concentration at 102 copies in a similar manner to the common LAMP diagnosis tests.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilEarly mortality syndrome (EMS), named acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), is an acute severe liver disease in Pacific white shrimps, Litopenaeus vannamei.The mortality of the disease can be as high as 90% within 35 days in severely infected ponds [1]
The sensitivity of detection is validated by observing the limit of detection (LOD) of the Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)–Xylenol orange (XO) diagnosis technique performed on the proposed LAMP–labon-a-chip platforms (LOC) platform in comparison with the LOD of the standard LAMP
The appropriate electrical control signal appeared to be alternating current (AC) at 700 Vrms and a frequency of 1 kHz in order to ensure the perfect manipulation of droplets on the proposed LAMP
Summary
The electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) electrochemical system for iodide droplet detection. Sensors 2021, 21, x FOR PEER REVIEW manipulate liquid droplets combined with their compact configuration, EWOD devices are commonly used for proportioning chemical compounds in various reaction processes [28]. The configuration of the (LAMP–XO), allows visible white observation detection the process, wasLOC ap- is clearly presented. A LAMP–LOC platform was created and proposed for utilization in the field detection of EMS in Pacific white shrimp ponds. XO), which allows visible observation detection throughout the process, was applied to create the proposed LAMP–LOC platform. The sensitivity of detection is validated by observing the limit of detection (LOD) of the LAMP–XO diagnosis technique performed on the proposed LAMP–LOC platform in comparison with the LOD of the standard LAMP laboratory tests
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