Abstract
Kiwifruit is a nutritious and economically important fruit that is widely cultivated in China. In 2021, leaf spot disease of kiwifruit was discovered in the main kiwifruit-producing area of Xifeng County, Guizhou Province, China. Leaf spot disease weakens plant photosynthesis and reduces nutrient synthesis, thereby affecting plant growth. We studied the morphological characteristics and performed a combined analysis of EF-1α, RPB2, and TUB2 genes of Fusarium fujikuroi, a fungus associated with leaf spot disease. The pathogenicity of F. fujikuroi followed Koch’s hypothesis, confirming that this fungus is the cause of kiwifruit leaf spot disease. The sensitivity of seven natural antifungal agents against F. fujikuroi was measured using the mycelial growth rate method. Honokiol, cinnamaldehyde, and osthol showed good antifungal effects against F. fujikuroi, with EC50 values of 18.50, 64.60, and 64.86 μg/mL, respectively. The regression coefficient of cinnamaldehyde was the largest at 2.23, while that of honokiol was the smallest at 0.408. Fusarium fujikuroi was the most sensitive to cinnamaldehyde.
Highlights
Kiwifruit (Actinidia, Actinidiaceae) is a deciduous and dioecious liana fruit tree that produces economically valuable and highly nutritional fruit
The diseased tissue was cut into 1 cm2 pieces, placed in potato dextrose agar (PDA: 200.0 g potato, 20.0 g glucose, 17.0 g agar/L) plates, and cultured at a constant temperature of 28 ◦ C and 75% relative humidity for 5 d
The results showed that, using Fusarium acutatum NRRL 13308 as the outgroup, the strain XFT3-1 (GenBank accessions: EF-1α, OL774567; RPB2, OL774568; TUB2, OL774569) and F. fujikuroi sampled from various locations were clustered into a single group with a self-sustaining rate of
Summary
Kiwifruit (Actinidia, Actinidiaceae) is a deciduous and dioecious liana fruit tree that produces economically valuable and highly nutritional fruit. Kiwifruit cultivation is mainly distributed in the US, Chile, New Zealand, Australia, China, and some European countries, and the total production of kiwifruit worldwide is estimated to be approximately 1600 tons per year [6], making it one of the most important commercial fruit crops in the world. After decades of rapid growth of the kiwifruit cultivation industry, China has become the world’s largest producer of kiwifruit [7]. Actinidiae [11] that causes canker; Colletotrichum acutatum [12] that causes anthracnose; and Pseudomonas viridiflava [13,14] that causes bacterial blossom blight. These diseases limit the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry
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