Abstract
Retrieval of the properties of the middle and upper atmosphere can be performed using several different interferometric and photometric methods. The emission-shape and Doppler shift of both atomic and molecular emissions can be observed from the ground and space to provide temperature and bulk velocity. These instantaneous measurements can be combined over successive times/locations along an orbit track, or successive universal/local times from a ground station to quantify the motion and temperature of the atmosphere needed to identify atmospheric tides. In this report, we explore how different combinations of space-based wind and temperature measurements affect the retrieval of atmospheric tides, a ubiquitous property of planetary atmospheres. We explore several scenarios informed by the use of a tidally forced atmospheric circulation model, an empirically based emissions reference, and a low-earth orbit satellite observation geometry based on the ICON mission design. This capability provides a necessary tool for design of an optimal mission concept for retrieval of atmospheric tides from ICON remote-sensing observations. Here it is used to investigate scenarios of limited data availability and the effects of rapid changes in the total wave spectrum on the retrieval of the correct tidal spectrum. An approach such as that described here could be used in the design of future missions, such as the NASA DYNAMIC mission (National Research Council, Solar and space physics: a science for a technological society, 2013).
Highlights
The ionosphere is affected by both solar and lower atmospheric inputs (Forbes et al 2000)
Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON)-MIGHTI temperature and wind data need to be accumulated over time to adequately constrain the tides that form the basis for the Hough Mode Extensions (HMEs) fits (Immel et al 2018)
Our overall conclusion is that lower boundary conditions extending pole to pole based on HME fitting to ICON observations that are restricted to 12°S to 40°N and 90–105 km altitude can lead to realistic tidal structures in the TIE-GCM
Summary
The ionosphere is affected by both solar and lower atmospheric inputs (Forbes et al 2000). The TIE-GCM lower boundary will be specified using the ICON-HME tidal field in order to provide a realistic upper atmospheric and ionospheric simulation (Immel et al 2018; Forbes et al 2017; Maute 2017).
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