Sensitivity of spin structures of small spin-1 condensates toward a magnetic field studied beyond the mean field theory

Abstract

The spin structures of small spin-1 condensates (N ⩽ 1000) under a magnetic field B have been studied beyond the mean field theory. Instead of the spinors, the many body spin eigenstates have been obtained. We have defined and calculated the spin correlative probabilities to extract information from these eigenstates. The correlation coefficients and the fidelity susceptibility have also been calculated. Thereby, the details of the spin structures responding to the variation of B can be better understood. In particular, from the correlation coefficients, which are the ratio of the two-body probability to the product of two one-body probabilities, strong correlation domains of B are found. The emphasis is placed on the sensitivity of the condensates toward B. No phase transitions in spin structures are found. However, abrupt changes in the derivatives of observables (correlative probabilities) are found in some particular domains of B. In these domains, the condensates are highly sensitive to B. The effect of temperature is considered. The probabilities defined in the paper can work as a bridge to relate theories and experiments. Therefore, they can be used to discriminate various spin structures and refine the interactions.