Abstract
The use of more than one control technique can maximize the reduction of the damages caused by the fungus Asperisporium caricae causal agent of the black spot in the papaya crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of the fungi Hansfordia pulvinata and Acremonium spp. to alternative products with potential for use in the control of the black-spotted ptarmigan. Three isolates of Acremonium spp. (A-598, A-602 and A-617) and an isolate of H. pulvinata (H-611) were grown in BDA medium containing Agro-Mos®, Bion®, Ecolife®, Hortifospk®, Matriz G®, Vitaphol® separately. The Amistar 500WG ® fungicide was used as a positive control and pure BDA as a negative control. The toxicity of the tested products was determined based on the values of the biological index, derived from the means of mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia, in each experimental unit. In this way it was possible to select the products classified as compatible for all isolates, and to test them in vivo. In the greenhouse, only the isolates and isolates with selected products, were applied in papaya plants with foliar symptoms of black-spotted. The incidence of leaves with hyperparasites and the percentage of black-painted lesions colonized by the tested isolates were evaluated. Thus, the H-611 isolate proved to be compatible with most of the alternative products tested, except with Hortifos®. Bion® and Matrix® products were compatible with all tested isolates and could be used in conjunction with Acremonium spp. and H. pulvinata to control the papaya black spot, since these products did not present toxicity on the hyperparasitic fungi.
Highlights
The development of sustainable measures to control plant diseases presents alternatives to reduce the dependence on pesticides, contribute to preserving the environment and, improve life quality in rural areas
Some measures are recommended to control black spot, such as the removal of diseased leaves from the orchard to reduce the inoculum of the fruit (Suzuki et al, 2007) and the monitoring of the disease to minimize pesticide applications (Ventura and Rezende, 2016)
When analyzing the variables on the growing medium considered as control (PDA), differences in the magnitudes of mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination were observed both in (Acremonium spp. and H. pulvinata) and in gender (Acremonium spp.)
Summary
The development of sustainable measures to control plant diseases presents alternatives to reduce the dependence on pesticides, contribute to preserving the environment and, improve life quality in rural areas. One of the techniques that fit in this context is the integrated management of diseases based on a series of foundations and tools. This technique aims to economically optimize disease control through the consistent use of tactics that maintain production reduction below the threshold of economic damage (Bergamin Filho, 2008). Some measures are recommended to control black spot, such as the removal of diseased leaves from the orchard to reduce the inoculum of the fruit (Suzuki et al, 2007) and the monitoring of the disease to minimize pesticide applications (Ventura and Rezende, 2016)
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Schedule a callMore From: Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia
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