Abstract
Creatinine (Crn) is an important biomarker for kidney function, and early detection could help to avoid end-stage renal disease. In this study, a label-free and ultra-selective platform was developed for Crn detection by modifying the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with the copper nanoparticle integrated with poly (methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) molecularly imprinted polymer (Cu2O@MIP) by the electrodeposition method. The synthesized Cu2O@MIP was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the effects of potential and time intervals to increase its sensitivity. Under optimized conditions, Crn was determined in the presence of other interferences to be 2.16 AnM−1cm−2 and the limit of detection (LOD) was 22 nM. The sensor platform showed a response in the nanomolar range of 0–75 nM. The developed non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing responded well to Crn, and is highly specific without any significant compromise to non-specific macromolecules found in urine which presents a promising platform for the development of potable kidney disease detectors.
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