Abstract
A simple, economical, and sensitive capillary electrophoresis (CE) method integrated with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was developed for the determination of metal ions such as K+, Na+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ in drinking water. 18-Crown-6 ether and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) were employed as complexing reagents. The effects of electrolyte additives, citric acid buffer solution, and other separation conditions of CE were comprehensively investigated and carefully optimized. The best results were obtained in a running buffer solution composed of citric acid (12 mM), 18-crown-6 ether (0.2 mM), and CTAB (0.015 mM) at pH 3.5. Under these conditions, a complete separation of five metal ions was successfully achieved in less than 12 min. The limits of detection for the optimal procedure were determined to be in the range of 0.02 - 0.2 mg·L-1. The repeatability with respect to migration times and peak areas, expressed as relative standard deviations, was better than 2.3% and 5.1%, respectively. Evaluation of the efficiency of the methodology indicated that it was reliable for the determination of metal ions in six different brands of drinking water samples.
Highlights
Most of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions play an important role in numerous processes in the human body, such as volume and osmotic regulation, myocardial rhythm, blood coagulation, and neuromuscular excitability
We developed a simple and compact capillary electrophoresis (CE)-C4D method based on citric acid buffer solution (Cit) by using 18-crown-6 ether and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as complexing reagents to determine K+, Na+, Sr2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions
The background electrolyte (BGE) employing MES/His has commonly been used as a running buffer for the separation of small ions in CE-C4D attributed to its low specific conductivity and significantly high ionic strength
Summary
Most of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions play an important role in numerous processes in the human body, such as volume and osmotic regulation, myocardial rhythm, blood coagulation, and neuromuscular excitability. Common metal ions including potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+), strontium (Sr2+), and calcium (Ca2+) are monitored routinely in a wide variety of drinking water samples. Access to safe drinking water with appropriate limits of metal ions as nutrients has always been a great challenge. Nowadays, many drinking water industries are constantly emerging. Diverse factors such as the belief that mineral waters are of medicinal value, fueled by the impression that mineral waters are always associated with metal ions as portrayed in the advertisements, have contributed to this popularity [3]. Determination of metal ions in drinking water is an active topic in analytical science. A simple, rapid, and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of these metal ions in real samples is highly desirable
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