Abstract
The accurate and precise monitoring of epirubicin (EPR), one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, is significant for human and environmental health. In this context, we developed a highly sensitive electrochemical electrode for EPR detection based on nickel ferrite decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au@NiFe2O4) on the screen-printed electrode (SPE). Various spectral characteristic methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the surface morphology and structure of the synthesized Au@NiFe2O4 nanocomposite. The novel decorated electrode exhibited a high electrocatalytic activity toward the electrooxidation of EPR, and a nanomolar limit of detection (5.3 nM) was estimated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with linear concentration ranges from 0.01 to 0.7 and 0.7 to 3.6 µM. The stability, selectivity, repeatability reproducibility and reusability, with a very low electrode response detection limit, make it very appropriate for determining trace amounts of EPR in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations.
Highlights
Introduction iationsEpirubicin (EPR) (Scheme 1) is an anthracycline topoisomerase II inhibitor used for chemotherapy
This paper reports on a new EPR sensor design that consists of gold nanoparticles immobilized on the bimetallic nanocomposite on the surface of an screen-printed electrode (SPE)
5.3 nM were observed for the Au@NiFe2 O4 /SPE, respectively
Summary
Epirubicin (EPR) (Scheme 1) is an anthracycline topoisomerase II inhibitor used for chemotherapy. Epirubicin, as an antitumor and anthracycline antibiotic derivative of doxorubicin, has been widely utilized for clinical therapy [1,2]. Doxorubicin and epirubicin(40 epidoxorubicin) have only one difference, the spatial orientation of the 40 -moiety, and it has been exhibited effectively for treating leukemia, sarcoma and lymphoma [3,4]. EPR is an anticancer medication that works by selectively killing cancer cells rather than harming them by quickly dividing cells. There may be a relationship between the EPR concentration and the clinical response. Low plasma EPR concentrations may suggest an ineffective prescription medication since the levels may be inadequate due to a significant molecular or complete cytotoxic response. As a result, measuring EPR levels in real biological samples is crucial for clinical diagnosis.
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