Abstract
In this study, HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA was detected via an Au-coated vertical silicon nanowire electrode array (VSNEA). The VSNEA was fabricated by combining bottom-up and top-down approaches and then immobilized by artificial peptides for the recognition of HIV-1 RRE. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis was used to measure the electrochemical response of the peptide-immobilized VSNEA to the concentration and types of HIV-1 RRE RNA. DPV peaks showed linearity to the concentration of RNA with a detection limit down to 1.513 fM. It also showed the clear different peaks to the mutated HIV-1 RRE RNA. The high sensitivity and selectivity of VSNEA for the detection of HIV-1 RRE RNA may be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio and total overlap diffusion mode of ions of the one-dimensional nanowire electrodes.
Highlights
During the past decades, many biosensors have been developed for more sensitive and selective detection of target materials under various conditions
We propose an electrochemical biosensor by combining the NWs with artificial peptides designed to recognize HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA
Using the advantages of both the NWs and artificial peptides, we demonstrate ultra-sensitive and -selective detection of HIV-1 RRE RNA
Summary
Many biosensors have been developed for more sensitive and selective detection of target materials under various conditions. Electrochemical sensors have raised interest due to their simplicity, rapid detectability, and low cost together with high sensitivity [1] They provide direct, specific, and real-time detection of target materials [2,3,4]. Nanowires (NWs), which can solve these problems, have advantages as building blocks for electrochemical sensors, such as relatively simple preparation methods allowing large-scale production, superior stability due to high crystallinity, and very large surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio. The latter are mandatory for fast reaction kinetics and high density loading of a target species and catalyst deposition over the surface for the induction or inhibition of specific reactions [16]. Using the advantages of both the NWs and artificial peptides, we demonstrate ultra-sensitive and -selective detection of HIV-1 RRE RNA
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