Abstract
A novel electrochemical sensor gold nanoparticle (AuNP)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was developed for the ultrasensitive determination of Bisphenol A (BPA). The gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited by constant potential electrolysis and PVP was attached by passive adsorption onto the electrode surface. The electrode surfaces were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters that affected the experimental conditions were researched and optimized. The AuNP/PVP/PGE sensor provided high sensitivity and selectivity for BPA recognition by using square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). Under optimized conditions, the detection limit was found to be 1.0 nM. This new sensor system offered the advantages of simple fabrication which aided the expeditious replication, low cost, fast response, high sensitivity and low background current for BPA. This new sensor system was successfully tested for the detection of the amount of BPA in bottled drinking water with high reliability.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important raw material and is extensively used in the packaging industry.It can be used as an antioxidant and inhibitor in manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
AuNP-PVP-modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surfaces were characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Alternative current (AC) impedance measurements were controlled at the open-circuit value; 0.20 V and the frequency was varied over the range 105 –10–1 Hz with amplitude of 5 mV in 5 mM K3 Fe(CN)6 /K4 Fe(CN)6 containing 0.1 M KCl
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important raw material and is extensively used in the packaging industry. Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are highly sensitive and have low detection limit, they have high costs, a time-consuming process and require trained technicians. This fact has pushed researchers to develop easier and more rapid alternative techniques such as electrochemical methods. PGE has several advantages compared to other carbon-based electrode such as low cost, no need for time-consuming processes like surface polishing and disposability. AuNP-PVP-modified PGE surfaces were characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proposed process was successfully applied to define BPA in bottled drinking water with high reliability This new sensor system offered the advantages of simple production, rapid response, low cost, high sensitivity and low background current for BPA detection
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