Sensitisation profile to pollen allergens of selected grass and tree species in Filipino communities

Abstract

Pollen allergy remains insufficiently studied in the Philippines despite its global significance. This community-based, cross-sectional study thus determined the sensitisation profile of Filipino individuals to pollen allergens from selected grass species (Zea mays, Saccharum spontaneum, and Dichanthium spp.) and tree species (Mangifera indica, Delonix regia, and Peltophorum pterocarpum). Study subjects (n = 523), 2–70 years old, and residents of Bustos, Bulacan, Mayorga, Leyte, and Laoag, Ilocos Norte, were recruited from November 2018 to July 2019. Clinical history was evaluated through a self-directed questionnaire, while pollen sensitisation was assessed through skin prick test (SPT) and pollen-specific immunoglobulin E enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sIgE ELISA). Correlation and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant relationships between pollen sensitisation and demographic characteristics. Of the 523 study subjects, 38.24% reported symptoms of allergic rhinitis, 32.70% reported atopic dermatitis, and 30.02% reported allergic asthma. Participants were mainly sensitised to M. indica (32.70%). More males were sensitised at earlier age groups than females. Alternatively, females had increased odds of reporting allergic rhinitis and more than one type of allergic disease. Sensitisation to tree pollen, age, smoking, and secondhand smoking status were also significant predictors (p ≥ 0.05). Smoking status, sex, age, family history, and sensitisation to tree pollen were significant risk factors associated with allergic diseases.