Abstract
In the 90s, the development of a novel single molecule technique based on nanopore sensing emerged. Preliminary improvements were based on the molecular or biological engineering of protein nanopores along with the use of nanotechnologies developed in the context of microelectronics. Since the last decade, the convergence between those two worlds has allowed for biomimetic approaches. In this respect, the combination of nanopores with aptamers, single-stranded oligonucleotides specifically selected towards molecular or cellular targets from an in vitro method, gained a lot of interest with potential applications for the single molecule detection and recognition in various domains like health, environment or security. The recent developments performed by combining nanopores and aptamers are highlighted in this review and some perspectives are drawn.
Highlights
Nanopore sensing is based on the Coulter counter [1] principle proposed in 1953, a resistive sensing device able to count and size objects going through an aperture
The ContactLess ElectroFunctionalization (CLEF) technique allows functionalizing with a large range of ligands (DNA, antibodies) only the inner part of the nanopore [118,119,120,121] which is a good strategy for enhancing the detection of protein with solid-state nanopore [122]
Different strategical approaches have been developed. They can be categorized in two broad sections: the single-molecule sensing of the free aptamer complexed with its target in solution or the functionalization of nanopores with specific aptamers
Summary
Nanopore sensing is based on the Coulter counter [1] principle proposed in 1953, a resistive sensing device able to count and size objects going through an aperture. A voltage is applied between the two electrodes When a biomolecule, such as DNA or protein, is added into one of the electrolyte reservoirs, it is electrophoretically driven through the nanopore (translocation) and a disruption in the current signal is observed. We will describe with nanopores: for fundamental researches on their conformation and mode of action, for single the different use of aptamers in combination with nanopores: for fundamental researches on their molecule detection from their affinity and first approaches and perspectives for the use of their conformation and mode of action, for single molecule detection from their affinity and first conformational switch in order to bring functionality to the pores
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