Sensing and Measurement Techniques for Evaluation of Nature-Based Solutions: A State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract

Sensing and measurement techniques are necessary to study, evaluate, and understand the complex physical and chemical interactions that must occur for the successful deployment of nature-based solutions (NbS). How NbS are measured can determine which solutions best address local environmental and societal challenges, and how these solutions are prioritized and adopted by decision makers. Sensing and measurement techniques can provide useful meteorological and physiological data on nature-based interventions between different spatial, spectral, temporal, and thematic scales. Because NbS encompass research from across different fields, it is essential to reduce barriers to knowledge dissemination, and enable the circulation of information across different jurisdictions. In this study, a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the literature was undertaken to systemize and categorize sensing and measurement techniques for NbS. Opportunities and challenges associated with studying the effects of NbS have also been identified. Sensing and measurement techniques can provide evidence-based information on the efficacy of NbS, in addition to guiding policy formulation for the achievement of sustainable development across communities.